Patal Bhuvaneshwar is a hidden gem nestled in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, India. This ancient limestone cave temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and enshrines 33 koti (types) demigods. Located 14 km from Gangolihat in the village of Bhubneshwar, this sacred site is an architectural marvel created by natural limestone formations. The temple holds deep spiritual significance, with legends linking it to Hindu mythology and divine occurrences.
Patal Bhuvaneshwar
The Patal Bhuvaneshwar cave is 160 meters long and 90 feet deep from its entrance. A narrow tunnel-like opening leads into a series of interconnected caves. The entire cave system is electrically illuminated, allowing visitors to witness breathtaking stalactites and stalagmites, which have formed various divine shapes over thousands of years.
The Mythological Significance of Patal Bhuvaneshwar
The earliest reference to Patal Bhuvaneshwar is found in the Skanda Purana, specifically in the Manaskhand (103rd Chapter). According to Hindu beliefs, this cave serves as a resting place for gods and goddesses. It is said that Lord Shiva and other celestial beings descend here to offer prayers. The cave is also believed to be connected by an underground passage to Mount Kailash, the sacred abode of Lord Shiva.
Legend of Patal Bhuvaneshwar
The cave was first discovered by King Rituparna of the Surya Dynasty during the Treta Yuga. The story of its discovery is intertwined with that of King Nal and Queen Damayanti. After being defeated by his wife, King Nal sought refuge with King Rituparna. During his journey through the Himalayas, Rituparna encountered a mystical deer that led him to the entrance of the cave. Inside, he met Sheshnag, the divine serpent, who carried him through the cave and revealed its wonders, including the presence of 33 koti gods.
During the Kali Yuga, Adi Shankaracharya rediscovered Patal Bhuvaneshwar in 1191 AD, marking the beginning of its modern pilgrimage history. Since then, regular worship and offerings have been conducted at the temple.
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Inside the Cave: A Journey Through Hindu Mythology
Visitors to Patal Bhuvaneshwar must navigate a steep, narrow passage using protective iron chains. Inside, the cave opens up into a vast chamber adorned with naturally formed depictions of Hindu deities and mythological events:
- Sheshnag’s Coils: The floor of the cave resembles the ribbed body of Sheshnag, the cosmic serpent who holds the universe.
- Narasingha’s Jaws: A rock formation inside the cave resembles the claws and jaws of Lord Narasingha, representing his battle with the demon Hiranyakashipu.
- Kamandalu of Shiva: A heart-shaped rock formation is believed to be Shiva’s wish-fulfilling kamandalu (water pot), dripping white water resembling milk.
- Brahma’s Skull: Water dripping onto a rock formation known as ‘Bharamkapali’ symbolizes Brahma’s severed skull.
- Kalpavriksha Tree: A tree-shaped stalagmite inside the cave is considered a representation of Kalpavriksha, the wish-fulfilling divine tree.
- Saptrishi Mandal: The cave walls depict the celestial ‘Saptrishi Mandal’ (Seven Great Sages), representing the cosmic order.
- Pandavas’ Footprints: The cave is believed to have been visited by the Pandavas during their exile, and they meditated under the ‘jatas’ (locks) of Lord Shiva. A natural rock formation inside signifies their presence.
- Lord Ganesha’s Head: A significant rock structure inside the cave represents the severed head of Adi Ganesha, awaiting its resurrection with the chant of 1,008 mantras.
A Spiritual and Geological Wonder The rock formations inside Patal Bhuvaneshwar are entirely natural, showcasing the extraordinary power of geological forces combined with deep-rooted religious faith. The sacred ambiance, dimly lit interiors, and echoes of hymns create a surreal experience for devotees and explorers alike.
How to Reach Patal Bhuvaneshwar
- By Air: The nearest airport is Pantnagar, approximately 244 km away.
- By Rail: The nearest railway station is Kathgodam, about 198 km from Patal Bhuvaneshwar.
- By Road: The cave temple is well connected by road from major cities like Almora, Pithoragarh, and Nainital. It is a 14 km drive from Gangolihat, followed by a short trek.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit Patal Bhuvaneshwar is between March and June or September and November, when the weather is pleasant and the roads are accessible.
Patal Bhuvaneshwar is not just a pilgrimage site but a place where nature, history, and spirituality merge into one. The cave temple offers a mesmerizing experience, taking visitors on a journey through Hindu mythology while showcasing the natural beauty of Uttarakhand. Whether you seek divine blessings, adventure, or geological wonders, Patal Bhuvaneshwar is a must-visit destination for all travelers.
FAQs on Patal Bhuvaneshwar
1. What is Patal Bhuvaneshwar?
Patal Bhuvaneshwar is a sacred limestone cave temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, located in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, India. The cave is known for its intricate stalactite and stalagmite formations and is believed to house 33 Koti (types) of Hindu deities.
2. Where is Patal Bhuvaneshwar located?
It is situated in Bhubneshwar village, approximately 14 km from Gangolihat in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand.
3. How deep and long is the cave?
The cave is 160 meters long and 90 feet deep from the entrance. It features a series of interconnected caves, accessible through a narrow tunnel.
4. What is the significance of Patal Bhuvaneshwar in Hindu mythology?
According to Hindu mythology, the cave was first discovered in Treta Yuga by King Rituparna of the Surya Dynasty. Legends state that Adi Shankaracharya rediscovered it in 1191 AD during Kali Yuga, making it an important pilgrimage site. The cave is also mentioned in the Skanda Purana as a sacred place where gods worship Lord Shiva.
5. What are the major attractions inside the cave?
- Natural rock formations depicting Hindu gods and mythological events.
- Sheshnag formations, symbolizing the balance of the universe.
- Kamandalu (sacred water pot) of Lord Shiva, believed to grant wishes.
- Kalpavriksha (wish-fulfilling tree) formation dripping milky white water.
- Representation of the Pandavas, who meditated here during their exile.
- Lord Ganesha’s severed head, preserved by holy water.
6. What is the connection between Patal Bhuvaneshwar and Mount Kailash?
It is believed that the cave has an underground connection to Mount Kailash, the abode of Lord Shiva. Devotees consider it a gateway to divine realms.
7. What is the best time to visit Patal Bhuvaneshwar?
The best time to visit is March to June and September to November, as the weather is pleasant and ideal for travel.
8. How can I reach Patal Bhuvaneshwar?
- By Air: The nearest airport is Pantnagar Airport (249 km).
- By Rail: The nearest railway station is Kathgodam (195 km).
- By Road: Well-connected by road from Haldwani, Almora, Pithoragarh, and Gangolihat.
9. Is the cave safe to explore?
Yes, but visitors need to crawl, bend, and walk carefully using protective iron chains. A local guide is highly recommended for a safe and informative tour.
10. Is there any entrance fee to visit Patal Bhuvaneshwar?
Yes, there is a nominal entry fee, which varies for adults, children, and foreign tourists. It is advisable to check the latest fee at the entrance.
11. Are photography and videography allowed inside the cave?
No, photography and videography are strictly prohibited inside the cave due to religious beliefs.
12. Are there any accommodation options nearby?
Yes, visitors can find guesthouses and dharamshalas in Gangolihat and nearby towns like Berinag and Pithoragarh.
13. What should I carry while visiting the cave?
- Comfortable clothing and shoes for climbing.
- A torchlight, although the cave is electrically illuminated.
- Cash, as digital payment facilities may not be available.
- Water bottle, but avoid littering inside the cave.
14. Can elderly people or children visit the cave?
Yes, but due to narrow passages and steep descents, it may not be suitable for elderly people with mobility issues or very young children.
15. What are some other attractions near Patal Bhuvaneshwar?
- Gangolihat (14 km) – Famous for Maa Haat Kalika Temple.
- Berinag (50 km) – Known for breathtaking views of the Himalayas.
- Pithoragarh (91 km) – A scenic town with temples and natural beauty.
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