Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri (30 January 1789 – 13 March 1823) was a revered military general, commander, and administrator in both the Sikh Empire and the Kingdom of Nepal. Recognized as one of Nepal's national heroes, he is best remembered for his valiant defense of the Nalapani Fort during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816). His bravery, military tactics, and indomitable spirit have immortalized him as a symbol of Gorkhali valor.
Early Life and Family Background of Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri
Born in Kavrepalanchowk District, Nepal, Balbhadra Kunwar was the son of Chandrabir Kunwar and Ambika Devi, who belonged to the influential Kunwar and Thapa families. His mother was the daughter of Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa and sister of Kaji Ranajor Thapa, making him a member of a distinguished military lineage. His name, Balbhadra, derives from "Baladeva" (Balarama), the elder brother of Lord Krishna, symbolizing strength and auspiciousness.
Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri in the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816)
Balbhadra Kunwar served as a captain in the Nepalese military and was tasked with defending the forts of Dehradun. As part of Nepal's expansionist campaign, the Gorkhalis had extended their territories into the present-day Indian regions of Garhwal and Kumaon. However, this brought them into conflict with the British East India Company, leading to the Anglo-Nepalese War.
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Heroic Battle of Nalapani Led by Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri
Balbhadra Kunwar is most famously associated with the Battle of Nalapani, where he commanded a force of around 600 soldiers, including women and children, against a formidable British army of 3,500 troops led by Major General Sir Rollo Gillespie.
Key Events of the Nalapani Battle:
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October 1814: British forces, armed with 11 cannons, attacked Nalapani, but Kunwar and his troops successfully repelled them.
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October 31, 1814: The British made a second attempt to storm the fort but suffered heavy casualties, including the death of General Gillespie.
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November 1814: The British resorted to cutting off the fort’s water supply, hoping to force the Nepalese soldiers into surrender.
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November 30, 1814: After enduring days of thirst and immense losses, Balbhadra Kunwar and his surviving troops emerged from the fort, swords drawn, refusing to surrender. He is famously quoted as saying:
"You could have never won the battle, but now I myself voluntarily abandon this fort. There is nothing inside the fort other than dead corpses of children and women!"
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Kunwar and the remaining 70 warriors retreated into the hills rather than surrender to the British.
Post-War Journey of Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri
The Anglo-Nepalese War ended with the Treaty of Sugauli in 1815, forcing Nepal to cede significant territories to the British East India Company. Though the Gorkhalis suffered territorial losses, their bravery at Nalapani left a lasting impression on both sides.
Service in the Sikh Empire
After the war, Balbhadra Kunwar joined the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who formed two Gorkha regiments within his army. He was appointed as a general and played a crucial role in the Sikh-Afghan War of 1822.
Death in Battle
During the Sikh-Afghan conflict, Balbhadra Kunwar fought under the legendary General Hari Singh Nalwa. In March 1823, he was killed in action by Afghan artillery at Naushera, Peshawar. His bravery in battle was recognized by both the Sikhs and Nepalese, and he remains a celebrated war hero.
Death and Legacy of Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri
Memorial at Nalapani
In recognition of the exceptional courage displayed by Balbhadra Kunwar and his troops, the British erected a war memorial at Nalapani, acknowledging the valor of the Gorkhalis. He is often mistakenly referred to as Bulbuder Singh or Balbudder Thapa in historical British records.
Influence on Gorkha Identity
Balbhadra Kunwar's legacy continues to inspire generations of Gorkhas. His actions at Nalapani set the standard for Gorkha soldiers, whose reputation for bravery and resilience remains unmatched.
Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri’s life is a testament to the indomitable spirit of the Nepalese warriors. From his heroic defense of Nalapani to his service in the Sikh Empire, his story continues to be an essential part of Nepalese and South Asian military history. His courage, dedication, and unwavering patriotism ensure his place among the greatest warriors in Nepalese history.
Also Read - History of Gorkha rule in Uttarakhand
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri
1. Who was Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri?
Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri was a legendary Gorkhali military commander known for his heroic defense of Nalapani Fort during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816). His bravery and leadership made him a national hero of Nepal.
2. What was Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri’s role in the Anglo-Nepalese War?
Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri led the Nepalese forces at Nalapani Fort against the British East India Company. Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, he and his troops resisted for weeks, showcasing extraordinary courage.
3. Why is the Battle of Nalapani significant in Nepalese history?
The Battle of Nalapani, led by Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri, symbolizes Nepalese valor and resilience. Even though the fort fell, his defense is remembered as an example of patriotism and bravery.
4. What happened to Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri after the Anglo-Nepalese War?
After the war, Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri served in the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He later died fighting in the Sikh-Afghan War, continuing his legacy as a fearless warrior.
5. How is Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri honored today?
Balbhadra Kunwar Chhetri is honored through statues, literature, and Nepalese history lessons. His contributions are remembered as a source of inspiration for generations.