Amar Singh Thapa is a name that echoes in the history of Nepal and India. Known as one of the greatest Gorkha warriors, he played a crucial role in expanding Nepal’s territory and defending it against the British. His bravery, leadership, and unwavering patriotism made him a legendary figure. But who was he beyond the battlefield? Read on to uncover the inspiring story of this fearless commander and his lasting legacy.
Amar Singh Thapa: The Living Tiger of Nepal
Amar Singh Thapa, also known as Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa, was one of Nepal’s most distinguished military generals, governors, and warlords. His fearless leadership during Nepal’s western conquests and his pivotal role in the Anglo-Nepalese War made him a national hero. He was often referred to as the Living Tiger of Nepal for his valor on the battlefield.
Amar Singh Thapa – Key Information
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Badakaji Amar Singh Thapa |
| Birth | 1751, Nepal |
| Death | 1816, Gosaikunda, Nepal |
| Known As | The "Living Lion of Nepal" |
| Role | Gorkha General and Governor of Western Nepal |
| Major Wars | Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) |
| Territorial Expansion | Led Nepalese forces to annex Garhwal and Kumaon (now in Uttarakhand, India) |
| Forts Defended | Nalapani Fort, Kangra Fort |
| Legacy | Remembered as a fearless warrior, with forts, roads, and institutions named in his honor |
Early Life and Family
Amar Singh Thapa was born into the prestigious Bagale Thapa clan. His father, Bhim Sen Thapa, also known as Umrao Bagh Bhim Singh Thapa, died in the Battle of Palanchowk in 1759 AD. His family had a long-standing legacy of military service, with several of his sons and grandsons holding high-ranking positions in the Nepalese Royal Court.
Family Influence and Political Ties
- His eldest son, Ranadhoj Thapa, served as deputy to Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa.
- His other sons – Bhaktabir Singh, Narsingh, Ramdas, and Ranjore Singh – also held the title of Kaji.
- His grandson, Surat Singh Thapa, was appointed as Kazi in 1832 AD.
Military Career and Western Conquests
Role in the Unification of Nepal
Amar Singh Thapa played a crucial role in expanding Nepal’s western territories. He led numerous military campaigns, extending Nepal’s borders up to the Sutlej River. His leadership in the conquest of Langur Gadhi in Garhwal and his rapid movement of troops to defend Nepal during the Second Sino-Nepalese War (1791–92 AD) showcased his exceptional strategic skills.
Also Read - History of Gorkha rule in Uttarakhand
Administration and Governance
After the annexation of Garhwal, Amar Singh Thapa and Kaji Dalbhanjan Pande were appointed as military governors. They implemented new administrative policies, regulated revenue collection, and dissolved unnecessary land grants to strengthen Nepal’s authority over the newly acquired regions.
Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816)
Despite his initial opposition to war with the British, Amar Singh Thapa led the Gorkhali forces in the western front during the Anglo-Nepalese War. His resistance against Major-General Rollo Gillespie and Colonel David Ochterlony remains a remarkable chapter in Nepalese military history.
First Campaign: Defense of Srinagar and Nahan
- Amar Singh Thapa defended Srinagar against British forces.
- His son, Ranajor Singh Thapa, commanded forces in Nahan, the capital of Sirmaur.
Second Campaign: Battle at Sindhuli Gadhi
- He later commanded Sindhuli Gadhi, successfully halting the British advance.
- Despite British superiority in firepower, the Nepalese forces inflicted heavy casualties.
Religious Contributions and Legacy
Temples Built by Amar Singh Thapa
- Gangotri Temple, Uttarakhand – Part of Chhota Char Dham Pilgrimage.
- Sri Ram Temple, Janakpur, Nepal – One of the oldest temples in Mithila.
- Amar Narayan Temple, Tansen – Built after securing Gorkha rule in Palpa and Terai.
His Enduring Legacy
Amar Singh Thapa’s contributions extend beyond his military achievements. His fearless leadership, patriotism, and religious devotion earned him immense respect. Statues and landmarks across Nepal, including Amarsingh Chowk in Pokhara and Shree Amarsingh Model Higher Secondary School, are dedicated to his memory.
ALSO, READ - History of Panwar Dynasty
Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa remains an icon of bravery and national pride in Nepal’s history. His strategic brilliance, administrative leadership, and religious contributions make him one of Nepal’s greatest heroes. His famous quote, "Ma Bagh ko Damaru hu, malai sino khane kukur nasamjha" ("I am the battle drum of a tiger, do not mistake me for a dog that eats scraps"), epitomizes his fearless spirit.
FAQs on Amar Singh Thapa
1. Who was Amar Singh Thapa?
Amar Singh Thapa was a prominent Gorkha general of the Nepalese army and a key commander in the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816). He is also known for his role in expanding Nepal’s territory during the reign of King Prithvi Narayan Shah.
2. What was Amar Singh Thapa's role in the Anglo-Nepalese War?
Amar Singh Thapa was one of the leading commanders who fiercely defended Nepalese territories against the British East India Company. Despite his strategic military leadership, Nepal had to cede several territories due to the Sugauli Treaty.
3. Why is Amar Singh Thapa called the "Living Lion of Nepal"?
Due to his bravery, military genius, and unwavering dedication to Nepal, he earned the title of "Baagh Bhale" (Living Lion of Nepal). His fearless leadership and warrior spirit made him a legendary figure in Nepalese history.
4. What forts were built or defended by Amar Singh Thapa?
He played a key role in fortifying and defending several forts, including Nalapani Fort and Kangra Fort, during his military campaigns. His strategic planning made these forts highly resistant to British attacks.
5. What was the contribution of Amar Singh Thapa to Nepal’s expansion?
He was instrumental in expanding Nepalese territories into Garhwal and Kumaon regions (now part of Uttarakhand, India). His campaigns helped strengthen Nepal’s influence in the Himalayan regions.
6. Where did Amar Singh Thapa die?
After the Anglo-Nepalese War, Amar Singh Thapa retired and spent his last days at Gosaikunda, a sacred Hindu pilgrimage site in Nepal. It is believed that he passed away there.
7. What is the legacy of Amar Singh Thapa?
He is remembered as a national hero in Nepal. Several places and institutions are named after him, and his contributions to Nepalese history continue to inspire generations.