Dehradun is not only the capital of Uttarakhand but also holds significant historical, cultural, and educational importance. Over time, the city has established itself as a developed and prosperous hub, playing a vital role in the state's growth.
Foundation and Historical Importance of Dehradun
Dehradun, the largest city of Uttarakhand, is historically significant. Ancient inscriptions on Shunga-era pottery mention "Dronighat," an area believed to be associated with the city. According to legend, the region was once under the control of the Kuninda dynasty, followed by King Virata, whose capital was believed to be located near present-day Kalsi. In the Mahabharata era, the Pandavas are also believed to have lived in this region, with evidence found near Lakhamandal. An Ashoka pillar inscription has been discovered along the banks of the Yamuna River at Kalsi. Later, the region came under the control of the Rohilla leader Najib-ud-Daula.
The name "Doon" originated from the Sanskrit word "Droni," meaning a valley, and over time, the area became known as "Doon" or "Dehradun." The city’s establishment began when Guru Ram Rai, the eldest son of the seventh Sikh Guru Har Rai, was granted three villages—Khudbuda, Rajpur, and Chamasari—by the King of Garhwal, Fateh Shah, at the recommendation of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Guru Ram Rai set up his base in Dhamawala, and the region started being referred to as Dehradun, named after his settlement.
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Dehradun During the British Era
In November 1815, the region was freed from Gorkha rule and brought under British control, becoming part of the Saharanpur district. In 1825, it was incorporated into the Kumaon province. In July 1828, Colonel Young established a cantonment in Landour (Mussoorie), and by June 1829, Dehradun was declared an independent district, affiliated with the Meerut Division.
During this period, the falling condition of farmers led to several revolts. The most organized revolt occurred under the leadership of Kalua Gujjar, where Gujjar farmers of the Doon Valley fought against the British. Kalua, along with his allies Kaur and Bhura, created a fortified headquarters in Raja Gram. However, Kalua's death and Bhura’s injuries during the Kunj battle marked the end of this organized uprising, and the Gujjars were eventually defeated. In September 1878, the British established the Imperial Forest School and the Survey of India in the region. In 1932, the Indian Military Academy was set up for the training of military officers.
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Educational and Cultural Significance
Dehradun holds a prominent place in the field of education. In 1902, the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Society established a Sanskrit school here, which later became the D.A.V. College. Apart from this, institutes like M.K.P. (1902), Doon School (1935), S.G.R.R. (P.G.) College, S.G.R.R.I.T.S, Graphic Era, D.I.T., and Mahant Indresh Hospital have contributed significantly to higher education. The region gained fame for its schooling during the British era and continues to be a major educational hub in Uttarakhand.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the History of Dehradun
What is the history of Dehradun? Dehradun is the capital of Uttarakhand with a rich historical legacy. The region was ruled by various dynasties, including the Pandavas, King Virata, Najib-ud-Daula, and the British. The name Dehradun is derived from the Sanskrit word "Droni," meaning valley.
When was the city of Dehradun established? Dehradun was established by Guru Ram Rai in the 17th century after receiving three villages—Khudbuda, Rajpur, and Chamasari—from the King of Garhwal.
How did Dehradun get its name? The name "Dehradun" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Droni," meaning valley, and was named after the settlement of Guru Ram Rai in the region.
Who ruled Dehradun? Initially, the Kunindas ruled the region, followed by King Virata. Later, it came under the control of Najib-ud-Daula and, eventually, the British.
Why is Dehradun significant? Dehradun has great historical, cultural, and educational significance. It is the capital of Uttarakhand, home to prestigious institutions like Doon School and the Indian Military Academy. The region also attracts tourists for its natural beauty.
What is the administrative history of Dehradun? After being freed from Gorkha control in 1815, Dehradun came under British rule and became part of Saharanpur district. It became an independent district in 1829, and various educational institutions were established later on.
Who led the revolt in Dehradun? The most notable revolt was led by Kalua Gujjar, who fought against the British with the support of his allies. This rebellion was suppressed after Kalua's death and the capture of his allies.
What is the educational history of Dehradun? Dehradun has a long-standing educational history, with the establishment of the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic School in 1902, which later became D.A.V. College. The city is home to several prestigious educational institutions today.
What are the major attractions in Dehradun? Dehradun is known for its natural beauty and landmarks such as Sahastradhara, Gurudwara Ram Rai, Tapkeshwar Temple, the Botanical Garden, and nearby tourist destinations like Mussoorie.
What is the cultural significance of Dehradun? Dehradun is culturally rich, with a blend of diverse communities. The city is known for its folk art, music, festivals, and cultural events, which reflect its unique heritage.
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